启动、停止和重启
$ nginx $ nginx -s stop $ nginx -s reload 2. uWSGI安装用python的pip安装最简单：
apt-get installpython-dev#不安装这个，下面的安装可能会失败 pip installuwsgi 3. 基于uWSGI和nginx部署Django 1. 原理 Web Client <===>Web Server(nginx)<===>The Socket<===>uWSGI<===>Django 2.基本测试 测试uWSGI是否正常在django项目的根目录下创建test.py文件，添加源码如下：
# test.py defapplication(env, start_response): start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')]) return["Hello World"]# python2 #return [b"Hello World"] # python3Django项目的创建方法，可参考 Django教程 。
然后，运行uWSGI:
$uwsgi--http:8000--wsgi-filetest.py参数含义:
http :8000 : 使用http协议，8000端口 wsgi-file test.py : 加载指定文件 test.py用浏览器打开下面url，应该显示 hello world 字符串：
http://[example.com]:8000 如果部署服务器的主机和运行浏览器的主机不是同一台， [example.com] 要替换为部署服务器的主机实际的域名，若是同一台， [example.com] 可以替换为localhost，如： http://localhost:8000如果显示正确，说明下面3个环节是通畅的：
Web Client <===>uWSGI<===>Python 测试Django项目是否正常首先确保 项目 本身是正常的：
$ python manage.pyrunserver0.0.0.0:8000如果没问题，使用uWSGI把Project拉起来：
$ uwsgi --http :8000--modulemysite.wsgi module mysite.wsgi : 加载wsgi module。 mysite.wsgi 指向一个python模块，即 mysite 目录下名为 wsgi.py 的文件。新建出来的Django项目，它的这个文件的内容大体如下： """ WSGI config for mysite project. It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. For more information on this file, see https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/howto/deployment/wsgi/ """ importos fromdjango.core.wsgiimportget_wsgi_application os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE","mysite.settings") application = get_wsgi_application()如果Project能够被正常拉起，说明以下环节是通的：
Web Client <===>uWSGI<===>Django 3.配置nginx安装nginx完成后，如果能正常打开 http://hostname，说明下面环节是通畅的：
Web Client<===> WebServer(nginx) 增加nginx配置将 uwsgi_params 文件拷贝到项目文件夹下。 uwsgi_params 文件在/etc/nginx/目录下，也可以从 这个页面 下载
在项目文件夹下创建文件mysite_nginx.conf，填入并修改下面内容：
mysite_nginx.conf # the upstream component nginx needs to connect to upstream django { # server unix:///home/www-data/www/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket server 127.0.0.1:8001;# for a web port socket (we'll use this first) } # configuration of the server server { # the port your site will be served on listen 8000; # the domain name it will serve for server_name www.wolfcstech.com wolfcstech.com www.wolfcstech.cn wolfcstech.cn; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN charset utf-8; # max upload size client_max_body_size 75M;# adjust to taste # Django media location/media{ alias /home/www-data/www/mysite_data/media; # your Django project's media files - amend as required } location/static{ alias /home/www-data/www/mysite/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required } # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server. location/ { uwsgi_pass django; include /home/www-data/www/mysite/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed } }这个配置文件的写法就像常规的nginx配置文件 /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 一样。这个配置文件告诉nginx，请求的资源的路径模式满足 /media/* 和 /static/* 的，要在文件系统中找。
在 /etc/nginx/sites-enabled 目录下创建该文件的符号连接，使nginx能够使用它：
sudo ln -s /home/www-data/www/mysite/mysite_nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ 部署static文件在Django项目的 mysite/settings.py 文件中文件末尾，添加下面一行内容：
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"static/")然后运行：
$ python manage.pycollectstaticDjango框架在创建项目时，默认提供了admin等接口，这会将Django框架中这些接口用到的一些静态文件，js，css等文件，拷贝到项目的static目录下，如：
root@iZuf6gttapr078fb1vrh8uZ:/home/www-data/www/mysite# python manage.pycollectstatic You have requested to collect staticfiles at the destination location as specified in your settings: /home/www-data/www/mysite/static This will overwrite existing files! Are you sure you want to dothis? Type 'yes' to continue,or'no' to cancel: yes Copying '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/contrib/admin/static/admin/js/collapse.js' Copying '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/contrib/admin/static/admin/js/timeparse.js' Copying '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/contrib/admin/static/admin/js/popup_response.js' Copying '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/contrib/admin/static/admin/js/SelectFilter2.js' Copying '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/contrib/admin/static/admin/js/jquery.init.js' Copying '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/contrib/admin/static/admin/js/collapse.min.js' Copying '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/contrib/admin/static/admin/js/inlines.min.js' Copying '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/contrib/admin/static/admin/js/calendar.js' Copying '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/contrib/admin/static/admin/js/SelectBox.js' Copying '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/contrib/admin/static/admin/js/urlify.js' Copying '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/contrib/admin/static/admin/js/prepopulate_init.js' Copying '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/contrib/admin/static/admin/js/change_form.js' Copying '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/contrib/admin/static/admin/js/cancel.js' Copying '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/contrib/admin/static/admin/js/prepopulate.min.js' Copying '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/contrib/admin/static/admin/js/actions.min.js' Copying '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/contrib/admin/static/admin/js/core.js' Copying '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/contrib/admin/static/admin/js/prepopulate.js' Copying '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/contrib/admin/static/admin/js/actions.js' Copying '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/contrib/admin/static/admin/js/inlines.js' Copying '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/contrib/admin/static/admin/js/vendor/jquery/LICENSE-JQUERY.txt' ...... 测试nginx首先重启nginx服务：
$ nginx -s stop $ nginx然后检查media文件是否已经可以正常访问：
在目录/path/to/your/project/project/media directory下添加文件meida.png，然后访问 http://example.com:8000/media/media.png ，成功后进行下一步测试。
4.nginx、uWSGI和test.py执行下面代码测试能否让nginx在页面上显示 hello, world
uwsgi--socket:8001--wsgi-filetest.py访问 http://example.com:8000，如果显示`hello world`，则说明下面环节是通畅的:
Web Client <===>Web Server(nginx)<===>The Socket<===>uWSGI<===>Python 用UNIX socket取代TCP port对mysite_nginx.conf做如下修改：
server unix:///home/www-data/www/mysite/mysite.sock;# for a file socket # server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)重启nginx，并再次运行uWSGI：
uwsgi--socketmysite.sock--wsgi-filetest.py打开 http://example.com:8000/ ，看看是否成功。
如果没有成功检查 nginx error log (/var/log/nginx/error.log)。如果错误如下：
connect() to unix:///home/www-data/www/mysite/mysite.sock failed (13:Permissiondenied)访问Django应用的接口，报出502 Bad Gateway错误：
则添加socket权限再次运行：
uwsgi --socketmysite.sock--wsgi-filetest.py--chmod-socket=666# (very permissive)or
uwsgi --socketmysite.sock--wsgi-filetest.py--chmod-socket=664# (more sensible) 5. 基于uWSGI和nginx运行Django应用如果上面一切都显示正常，则下面命令可以拉起D
jango应用：
uwsgi --socket mysite.sock--module mysite.wsgi--chmod-socket=666这里的权限同样要注意，就如同上面测试的那样。
用.ini文件配置uWSGI每次都运行上面命令拉起Django应用实在麻烦，使用.ini文件能简化工作，方法如下：
在应用目录下创建文件 mysite_uwsgi.ini ，填入并修改下面内容：
# mysite_uwsgi.ini file [uwsgi] # Django-related settings # the base directory (full path) chdir= /home/www-data/www/mysite # Django's wsgi file module= mysite.wsgi # the virtualenv (full path) # home = /path/to/virtualenv # process-related settings # master master=true # maximum number of worker processes processes=10 # the socket (use the full path to be safe socket= /home/www-data/www/mysite/mysite.sock # ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed chmod-socket=666 # clear environment on exit vacuum=true现在，只要执行以下命令，就能够拉起django应用：
uwsgi --inimysite_uwsgi.ini# the --ini option is used to specify a file 检查配置最后，通过访问Django提供的接口接口服务，检查上面的所有配置，如在浏览器中输入 http://www.wolfcstech.com:8000/admin ，应该可以看到如下的页面：
uWSGI后台运行
前面介绍的uWSGI运行方式是在终端前台运行，终端关闭的话，uWSGI进程也都会跟着结束掉。可我们也不能总是为uWSGI开一个终端啊。我们可以配置uWSGI后台运行。需要在mysite_uwsgi.ini配置文件中添加：
daemonize = /home/www-data/www/web_application_log/uwsgi.log这样就会把日志打印到uwsgi.log中。
使uWSGI在系统启动时启动编辑文件/etc/rc.local, 添加下面内容到这行代码之前exit 0:
/usr/local/bin/uwsgi --socket/home/www-data/www/mysite/mysite.sock --module /home/www-data/www/mysite/mysite.wsgi --chmod-socket=666 uWSGI的更多配置 env=DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=mysite.settings# set an environment variable pidfile= /tmp/project-master.pid# create a pidfile harakiri=20# respawn processes taking more than 20 seconds limit-as=128# limit the project to 128 MB max-requests=5000# respawn processes after serving 5000 requests daemonize= /var/log/uwsgi/yourproject.log# background the process & log 7. Django文件上传接口这部分展示一个示例的Django接口。该接口主要用于验证前面的配置。而接口的功能则主要是处理文件上传。
配置url模式在mysite/urls.py中为文件上传接口配置url模式：
fromdjango.conf.urlsimporturl fromdjango.contribimportadmin importuploader urlpatterns = [ url(r'^upload', uploader.upload), url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), ] 实现上传接口文件上传接口的实现如：
#!/usr/bin/python fromdjango.httpimportHttpResponse fromdjango.views.decorators.csrfimportcsrf_exempt fromdjangoimportforms importhashlib importjson importos classNormalUserForm(forms.Form): username = forms.CharField() headImg = forms.FileField() dir_path = "/home/www-data/www/mysite_data/uploaded_files" defcal_md5(diff_file_name): md5 = hashlib.md5() diff_file = open(diff_file_name, 'rb') whileTrue: data = diff_file.read(8192) ifnotdata: break md5.update(data) md5_value = md5.hexdigest() returnmd5_value defhandle_uploaded_file(file): filename = os.path.join(dir_path, file.name) print"filename = "+ filename withopen(filename,'wb+')asdestination: forchunkinfile.chunks(): destination.write(chunk) returncal_md5(filename) @csrf_exempt defupload(request): md5 = "" ifrequest.method =='POST': try: files = request.FILES.getlist('file') forfileinfiles: md5 += handle_uploaded_file(file) exceptException,e: printstr(e) ifmd5 =="": hash_md5 = hashlib.md5(request.body) md5 = hash_md5.hexdigest() data1 = {'md5':md5} md5 = json.dumps(data1,sort_keys=True,indent=4) print"md5 = "+ str(md5) returnHttpResponse(md5)这个接口将文件保存在由dir_path定义的文件夹下，同时计算文件的md5，返回给客户端。