Scrapy是一个比较好用的python爬虫框架，你只需要编写几个组件就可以实现网页数据的爬取。但是当我们要爬取的页面非常多的时候，单个主机的处理能力就不能满足我们的需求了（无论是处理速度还是网络请求的并发数），这时候分布式爬虫的优势就显现出来。
而Scrapy-Redis则是一个基于Redis的Scrapy分布式组件。它利用Redis对用于爬取的请求(Requests)进行存储和调度(Schedule)，并对爬取产生的项目(items)存储以供后续处理使用。scrapy-redi重写了scrapy一些比较关键的代码，将scrapy变成一个可以在多个主机上同时运行的分布式爬虫。
原生的Scrapy的架构是这样子的：
加上了Scrapy-Redis之后的架构变成了：
scrapy-redis的官方文档写的比较简洁，没有提及其运行原理，所以如果想全面的理解分布式爬虫的运行原理，还是得看scrapy-redis的源代码才行，不过scrapy-redis的源代码很少，也比较好懂，很快就能看完。
scrapy-redis工程的主体还是是redis和scrapy两个库，工程本身实现的东西不是很多，这个工程就像胶水一样，把这两个插件粘结了起来。
scrapy-redis提供了哪些组件？scrapy-redis所实现的两种分布式：爬虫分布式以及item处理分布式。分别是由模块scheduler和模块pipelines实现。
connection.py负责根据setting中配置实例化redis连接。被dupefilter和scheduler调用，总之涉及到redis存取的都要使用到这个模块。
importredis importsix fromscrapy.utils.miscimportload_object DEFAULT_REDIS_CLS = redis.StrictRedis # Sane connection defaults. DEFAULT_PARAMS = { 'socket_timeout': 30, 'socket_connect_timeout': 30, 'retry_on_timeout': True, } # Shortcut maps 'setting name' -> 'parmater name'. SETTINGS_PARAMS_MAP = { 'REDIS_URL': 'url', 'REDIS_HOST': 'host', 'REDIS_PORT': 'port', } defget_redis_from_settings(settings): """Returns a redis client instance from given Scrapy settings object. This function uses ``get_client`` to instantiate the client and uses ``DEFAULT_PARAMS`` global as defaults values for the parameters. You can override them using the ``REDIS_PARAMS`` setting. Parameters ---------- settings : Settings A scrapy settings object. See the supported settings below. Returns ------- server Redis client instance. Other Parameters ---------------- REDIS_URL : str, optional Server connection URL. REDIS_HOST : str, optional Server host. REDIS_PORT : str, optional Server port. REDIS_PARAMS : dict, optional Additional client parameters. """ params = DEFAULT_PARAMS.copy() params.update(settings.getdict('REDIS_PARAMS')) # XXX: Deprecate REDIS_* settings. for source, destin SETTINGS_PARAMS_MAP.items(): val = settings.get(source) if val: params[dest] = val # Allow ``redis_cls`` to be a path to a class. if isinstance(params.get('redis_cls'), six.string_types): params['redis_cls'] = load_object(params['redis_cls']) return get_redis(**params) # Backwards compatible alias. from_settings = get_redis_from_settings defget_redis(**kwargs): """Returns a redis client instance. Parameters ---------- redis_cls : class, optional Defaults to ``redis.StrictRedis``. url : str, optional If given, ``redis_cls.from_url`` is used to instantiate the class. **kwargs Extra parameters to be passed to the ``redis_cls`` class. Returns ------- server Redis client instance. """ redis_cls = kwargs.pop('redis_cls', DEFAULT_REDIS_CLS) url = kwargs.pop('url', None) if url: return redis_cls.from_url(url, **kwargs) else: return redis_cls(**kwargs)connect文件引入了redis模块，这个是redis-python库的接口，用于通过python访问redis数据库，可见，这个文件主要是实现连接redis数据库的功能（返回的是redis库的Redis对象或者StrictRedis对象，这俩都是可以直接用来进行数据操作的对象）。这些连接接口在其他文件中经常被用到。其中，我们可以看到，要想连接到redis数据库，和其他数据库差不多，需要一个ip地址、端口号、用户名密码（可选）和一个整形的数据库编号，同时我们还可以在scrapy工程的setting文件中配置套接字的超时时间、等待时间等。
dupefilter.py负责执行requst的去重，实现的很有技巧性，使用redis的set数据结构。但是注意scheduler并不使用其中用于在这个模块中实现的dupefilter键做request的调度，而是使用queue.py模块中实现的queue。当request不重复时，将其存入到queue中，调度时将其弹出。
importlogging importtime fromscrapy.dupefiltersimportBaseDupeFilter fromscrapy.utils.requestimportrequest_fingerprint from .connectionimportget_redis_from_settings DEFAULT_DUPEFILTER_KEY = "dupefilter:%(timestamp)s" logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) # TODO: Rename class to RedisDupeFilter. class RFPDupeFilter(BaseDupeFilter): """Redis-based request duplicates filter. This class can also be used with default Scrapy's scheduler. """ logger = logger def__init__(self, server, key, debug=False): """Initialize the duplicates filter. Parameters ---------- server : redis.StrictRedis The redis server instance. key : str Redis key Where to store fingerprints. debug : bool, optional Whether to log filtered requests. """ self.server = server self.key = key self.debug = debug self.logdupes = True @classmethod deffrom_settings(cls, settings): """Returns an instance from given settings. This uses by default the key ``dupefilter:<timestamp>``. When using the ``scrapy_redis.scheduler.Scheduler`` class, this method is not used as it needs to pass the spider name in the key. Parameters ---------- settings : scrapy.settings.Settings Returns ------- RFPDupeFilter A RFPDupeFilter instance. """ server = get_redis_from_settings(settings) # XXX: This creates one-time key. needed to support to use this # class as standalone dupefilter with scrapy's default scheduler # if scrapy passes spider on open() method this wouldn't be needed # TODO: Use SCRAPY_JOB env as default and fallback to timestamp. key = DEFAULT_DUPEFILTER_KEY % {'timestamp': int(time.time())} debug = settings.getbool('DUPEFILTER_DEBUG') return cls(server, key=key, debug=debug) @classmethod deffrom_crawler(cls, crawler): """Returns instance from crawler. Parameters ---------- crawler : scrapy.crawler.Crawler Returns ------- RFPDupeFilter Instance of RFPDupeFilter. """ return cls.from_settings(crawler.settings) defrequest_seen(self, request): """Returns True if request was already seen. Parameters ---------- request : scrapy.http.Request Returns ------- bool """ fp = self.request_fingerprint(request) # This returns the number of values added, zero if already exists. added = self.server.sadd(self.key, fp) return added == 0 defrequest_fingerprint(self, request): """Returns a fingerprint for a given request. Parameters ---------- request : scrapy.http.Request Returns ------- str """ return request_fingerprint(request) defclose(self, reason=''): """Delete data on close. Called by Scrapy's scheduler. Parameters ---------- reason : str, optional """ self.clear() defclear(self): """Clears fingerprints data.""" self.server.delete(self.key) deflog(self, request, spider): """Logs given request. Parameters ---------- request : scrapy.http.Request spider : scrapy.spiders.Spider """ if self.debug: msg = "Filtered duplicate request: %(request)s" self.logger.debug(msg, {'request': request}, extra={'spider': spider}) elifself.logdupes: msg = ("Filtered duplicate request %(request)s" " - no more duplicates will be shown" " (see DUPEFILTER_DEBUG to show all duplicates)") msg = "Filtered duplicate request: %(request)s" self.logger.debug(msg, {'request': request}, extra={'spider': spider}) self.logdupes = False这个文件看起来比较复杂，重写了scrapy本身已经实现的request判重功能。因为本身scrapy单机跑的话，只需要读取内存中的request队列或者持久化的request队列（scrapy默认的持久化似乎是json格式的文件，不是数据库）就能判断这次要发出的request url是否已经请求过或者正在调度（本地读就行了）。而分布式跑的话，就需要各个主机上的scheduler都连接同一个数据库的同一个request池来判断这次的请求是否是重复的了。
在这个文件中，通过继承BaseDupeFilter重写他的方法，实